The origins of Halloween are subject to considerable scholarly debate. Clearly, it has roots in Celtic Christianity as Hallows Eve (‘even’ in Scots), the night before All Hallows Day (‘hallows’ mean’s saints). All Saints Day marks a period in the liturgical year (hallowmas) dedicated to the memory of saints and the dearly departed. Some scholars argue that, like many holy days, its a Christianization of pagan Celtic harvest festivals marking the beginning of winter and festivals of the dead, particularly the Gaelic Samhain.
The name itself comes from Scots Gaelic. It came into use in the early 1500’’s.
The tradition of costumes or ‘guising’ (from disguising) was common in Ireland and Scotland from pagan times. People would disguise themselves and go from house to house singing songs in exchange for food. (called 'souling' in early Christianity). The costumes protected the singer’s identity from the fairies, who find it easier to enter the world during the winter months. Giving food protected the home owners from them as well. The Reformation condemned all such activities and there is no reference to Halloween in early American almanacs. Mass Irish and Scottish immigration in the late 19th century brought the celebration to America. The ‘pumpkin’ lantern replaced the traditional Celtic carved turnip.
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